Pursuing a Career as a Registered Nurse

Seeking after a Career as a Registered Nurse Confucius once expressed, Choose an occupation you love, and you will never need to work a day in your life (Stevenson, 1987). Those significant words really energize the significance of picking a profession that one is energetic about so as to achieve bliss. In any case, numerous people neglect to perceive that they should be appropriate for their picked profession. While turning into a medical attendant may not be for everybody, the activity can be advantageous. The plenitude of requests and obligations that the activity involves might be scary, yet there are such a large number of various open doors inside the nursing field that make it invaluable. Seeking after a vocation as an enrolled medical attendant will positively be testing, yet it will be a very compensating calling. A profession in nursing is one that has a long history, in spite of the fact that it has advanced after some time into one of the most requesting vocations in the clinical field. A medical caretaker is characterized as an individual officially instructed and prepared being taken care of by the wiped out or weak, particularly an enrolled nurture (Random House, 2001, p. 911). Be that as it may, nursing has not generally been viewed as a calling wherein preparing or instruction was required. As indicated by The New Book of Popular Science, in prior occasions medical caretakers were commonly undeveloped, realizing just what was required for the particular circumstances in which they worked (2005, p. 482). In the long run, nursing changed into a calling that involved a lot of information and aptitude. Nursing as a cutting edge calling can be followed back to the mid nineteenth century (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482), as Florence Nightingale got known as one of the principa l pioneers of nursing. Songbird thought about injured British fighters during the Crimean War, which indicated the significance of gifted nursing and in 1860, the primary nursing school, in light of Nightingales strategies, was established in connection with Saint Thomas Hospital in London (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). Nursing schools step by step turned out to be increasingly well known, and in 1872, Bostons New England Hospital for ladies and kids set up the first U.S. nursing school, which granted a nursing recognition to Linda Richards, the primary prepared attendant in the U.S. (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). From that point forward, a great many people have entered the clinical field as prepared medical attendants, as it has demonstrated to be a brilliant vocation. While I have consistently had an enthusiasm for the clinical field and a powerful urge to think about and help individuals, being presented to an emergency clinic condition and wa tching a medical clinic staff permitted me to find my longing of seeking after a profession in nursing. The attendants, so canny, merciful, and understanding, had given their patients important medicines, yet offered them their most extreme help and friendship. Realizing that I have those properties, it is that vision that has given me the drive and the ability to help other people. As a trying enlisted nurture, one must be focused on working persistently in anticipation of her vocation. Albeit each approach is very testing, there are three instructive courses to turning into a RN: 1) Multi year partner degree programs offered by network, junior, and specialized schools. 2) Multi year confirmation programs offered by medical clinics. 3) Multi year single men degree programs offered by schools/colleges. These honor the single men of science in nursing (BSN) degree (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). These three instructive courses permit people to seek after a profession as an enrolled nurture, while having the option to pick a program that is custom fitted to suit their requirements. All things considered, nursing understudies are totally required to take a few pre-imperatives. For instance, essential courses spread life structures, physiology, human science, English, brain research, reasoning, microbiology, and nursing ideas and strategies (S. Wischn itzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). In the event that an understudy picks to take on a multi year single men degree program, they should likewise take courses in precalculus, science (both general and natural), science, human sciences, and the study of disease transmission, just as a few propelled nursing courses (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). Notwithstanding which program an understudy is taken a crack at, all forthcoming medical caretakers must acquire a nursing permit before they can work. To do as such, competitors must breeze through a composed state board assessment in the wake of moving on from a certify nursing school (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). While instruction is clearly a basic piece of turning into an attendant, its significant that medical attendants have certain attributes so as to be effective clinical experts. For instance, the U.S. Branch of Labor clarifies that medical caretakers ought to be mindful, thoughtful, capable, and con scientious. They should have the option to coordinate or oversee others, effectively evaluate patients conditions, and decide when conference is required. They need passionate strength to adapt to human torment, crises, and different burdens (2010-2011). Giving an understudy has these attributes and can do well all through her nursing program, she ought to be completely arranged to prevail in a profession as an enrolled nurture. The activity of an enlisted nurture is absolutely one that includes a lot of obligations. As indicated by the U.S. Branch of Labor, enlisted attendants treat patients, instruct patients and people in general about different ailments, and give counsel and enthusiastic help to patients relatives. RNs record patients clinical accounts and indications, help perform analytic tests and examine results, work clinical apparatus, manage treatment and meds, and help with persistent development and recovery (2010-2011). Nonetheless, contingent upon the medical attendants claim to fame as well as employment area, her obligations may differ. Hence, an attendant must have the option to apply her recently gained information and abilities from school to her preferred activity. For instance, enlisted attendants have an exceptionally wide decision of work settings these incorporate medical clinics of various sorts, nursing homes, schools, network wellbeing focuses, general wellbeing workplaces, and mo dern offices (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 170). Luckily, most medical attendants work in offices that are perfect and well lit and where the temperature is controlled, albeit some work in summary downtown emergency clinics in under perfect conditions (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Nursing is certainly an exceptionally requesting activity paying little heed to work setting, as it tends to be both truly and sincerely debilitating. For instance, thinking about patients regularly requires a lot of exhausting action, as patients who are sick are generally powerless. Also, nurture normally work extended periods of time that incorporate either twelve or eight hour shifts. Those in clinics by and large work any of three movements: 7:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.; 3:00 P.M. to 11:00 P.M.; or 11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Medical attendants additionally spend a huge bit of their day either strolling or standing, which is certainly truly burdening. Thusly, it i sn't impossible for medical attendants to feel just as they are going to wear out. For instance, one medical attendant announced that on the off chance that you are working superbly, it is intellectually just as genuinely debilitating, requesting you are going to wear out, as nobody bolsters you are continually working, consistently on your feet, continually thinking. It doesnt end ever your cerebrum is consistently in extra time (Industrial Engineer, 2011). The plenitude of work and the exertion a medical attendant must place into her activity may appear to be terrible now and again, yet it is undoubtably a monetarily remunerating vocation. As indicated by the New York State Department of Labor (2010), the normal pay for an enrolled nurture working in New York City is $82,920. Moreover, medical attendants are qualified for a decent lot of downtime. With respect to relax time, new representatives acquire 13 days of the year, and extra days are included every year for the initial 7 y ears (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Likewise, representatives can procure 5 days of individual leave every year and debilitated leave can be amassed to a limit of 200 days (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Enrolled medical attendants put a gigantic measure of time and vitality into helping individuals and giving patients legitimate social insurance, demonstrating that they are certainly meriting a significant pay and sufficient downtime. Notwithstanding the hindrances of turning into an enrolled nurture, the different openings for work and potential outcomes to propel settle on it a truly attractive vocation decision. Other than the opportunity to help other people and set ones abilities to work, nursing offers assorted variety, prepared accessibility of occupations, sensible beginning compensations, appealing representative advantages, a decision of instructive projects, and ample monetary guide (Tise, 1988). These focal points are generally exceptionally speaking to intrigued nursing understudies, as the field of nursing is incredibly expansive and offers such a significant number of various choices. Besides, nurture regularly appreciate cooperating with various kinds of individuals every day. For instance, an investigation indicated that regardless of medical caretakers choice to stop, they distinguished connections with patients and families as being genuinely fulfilling, and the loss of this association as their greatest lament since leaving practice (Mackusick Minick, 2010). Be that as it may, understanding connection isn't generally so agreeable, as RNs might be in close contact with people who have irresistible ailments (U.S. Branch of Labor, 2009), which can be very hazardous in the event that one isn't wary. Attendants have additionally revealed that they hate the individuals they work with, which is apparent in an article from Medsurg Nursing, which states hostile work environment was confirm by medical caretakers detailing issues of lewd behavior; verbal or physical maltreatment from colleagues, directors, or doctors in the working environment; or potentially reliable absence of help from different RNs (Mackusick Minick, 2010). Nonetheless, similarly as with any profession, it is imperative to unde

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 82

Outline - Essay Example The issue of recognizing the influenced winged animals was convoluted by the absence of sign in ducks which present potential hazard to people in a zone. The infection that cause this season's cold virus changed from the first kind that influenced flying creatures just to a convoluted one that is unaffected by the invulnerability arrangement of people. The infection is spread when an avian strain meets a strain that is adjusted to spreading the infection in warm blooded creatures and the trade can happen in the body of an individual or some other creature have. Before, seasonal influenza has killed an enormous number of creatures with a record 40million individuals noted to have passed on from it somewhere in the range of 1918 and 1919 and demonstrating that it can wipe a lot of individuals inside a brief timeframe with not many odds of endurance after disease. A few associations have collaborated to expand reconnaissance of the flu in light of the fact that the previous examinations concentrated on people, pig, chicken and ponies. This is paying little heed to the high money related interest that is presented in endeavor to create an immunization to control the infection, which is exceptionally unsafe to the

Free French Essay Samples: Are They Good Enough?

Free French Essay Samples: Are They Good Enough?You have heard of free French essay samples but are not sure if they are good enough to use in the real thing. There are some sites that provide these materials and some may be better than others. Finding a site that offers both is imperative in order to get the most benefit from the materials.English speakers will learn enough from these materials to have an excellent vocabulary base. But if you want to make yourself sound like a native speaker, then the lessons need to go much deeper than this. For example, taking a lesson on sentence construction will help to introduce you to how to construct a proper sentence.Reading along with the text and following the important points will make you sound more knowledgeable and prepared to take the test. Of course, having a native English speaker reading the passage will also help a great deal. Although some sites provide free tools, these tools are only useful in a limited way.Most free French es say samples do not offer a video or audio track to accompany the lesson. In order to fully understand what the text is trying to teach you, it is necessary to hear it read aloud. Being able to see the original text will also aid in the learning process.The problem with many of the free French essay samples available is that they are in text format. A lot of time is spent talking and writing as opposed to listening and observing. As a result, students do not get the full benefit of the material.Unfortunately, a lot of time can be wasted and many courses will actually cause the student to feel too lazy to continue to take the class. They may not remember the material at all and they will end up dropping the class and not moving forward with their education. There are also a lot of students who fail the course because they are too busy with school work to pay attention.That is why I recommend paying for your essay samples. You get more value and you can sit down with the text and read along. You will get the benefit of a personal tutor in addition to the written materials.Remember, not all free French essay samples are good enough to use in the real world. If you want to take a test, this is the right place to look. A better resource is one that provides both audio and video aids to aid in your education.

Research on Online Dating and Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1255 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Online Dating Essay Did you like this example? Using the network as a medium, borrowing chat tools and so on to chat with each other, people understand each other and fall in love. In real life, there are abounds, successes and failures. More and more people that having excellent technology skills start doing online dating, matching up the relationship from the digital device became a concern. Online dating consumes a lot of personal growth and development time. Researchers found that more user using the app involve worries. Once have set up the account on the apps, whatever information you have put in it, is never can be erased. The companies still have all your information. Sometime it will cause data being leak. â€Å"Overall though, some of the main concerns about dating online involve worries about data protection, with 61% of users being worried about their data being leaked from the dating service/app itself. In addition, 63% are concerned about the device they use for online dating being infected by malware, demonstrating a heightened feeling of insecurity among the online dating community†(Psychology Today). It is reasonable to allocate more time to study, experience, and explore life. A lot of time has been taken away by online love, but unfortunately. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research on Online Dating and Relationship" essay for you Create order When you are young, you have a rich experience in marriage. Online dating though computer can be easily put you in dangerous by knowing fake information. â€Å"A 115-pound svelte woman is unlikely to list 95 pounds on her profile. And if she advertises herself as a savvy career woman, she is unlikely to use her high school cheerleading photo which, in addition to counteracting her professional image, might make her look like jailbait†(qz). Regardless of the extent to which have talk about it online, be alert to keep our brain clear. Beware of people at the end of the network, because you dont know if everything he had said is true. Keep yourself in a smart heart and a clear brain, and you won’t let yourself fall into the mud. The problem is that talking about marriage is a face-to-face experience. You have brushed up many years of experience in online dating. â€Å"Many people that are on the online dating scene are young, as the 33.8 average age suggests, with 43% of 25-34 year olds using online dating services. This tech-savvy age group is likely embracing online dating as a way to meet interesting new people while balancing busy professional lives.†(Kasperky). Researcher find out that online dating is often unrealistic, because things on the Internet have been layered and beautified. When you uncover the reality, you will find that all this is so fake.It is equal to the fact that you have no accumulation in face-to-face maintenance relationship. â€Å"With online dating so prevalent, users are clearly giving strangers access to their lives, which could perhaps be why those who date online have concerns about their online safety† (Kasperky). For online dating, it seems to me that two people who don’t know each other rely on the Internet as a carrier to deceive each other and to be obscenity. They call this online dating, and I think they are only loving each others imagination. Online love, different depth and feelings Three points true seven points illusion for two people together feel mainly from various forms of interaction, online love through web chat video communication, it is difficult to cultivate more intimacy and it is difficult to let the two psychologically Can be very close. Online love have high difficulties it won’t last very long. â€Å"According to research conducted at Michigan State University, relationships that start out online are 28% more likely to break down in their first year, than relationships where the couples first met face-to-face. And it gets worse. Couples who met online are nearly 3 times as likely to get divorced as couples that met face-to-face† (Psycology). If online dating wants to go to the end, it must be met in real life. Through the early communication, more or less will idealize the other side, whether it is inner or outer appearance, it seems to be highly consistent with its own expectations. But whe n I met, I found that the other person was also a big living person who would brag and fart, and the expectation in my heart instantly became negative. â€Å"The profile is understandably a crucial part of online dating. It allows users to share snippets of their lives. It acts as a window, or a preview of a person, enticing others to reach out to them or find out more† (Pysology). The probability of success is very low, and most of them end in tragedy. Online date is quite normal. Through the article it shows more and more online dating in the future. The first thing to do is to pay attention to safety. Then I think it is quite low. Because the difference between a person online and offline is sometimes quite big, too many false news can not be verified. It is still more reliable to judge each aspect of a person by daily living together. More often than not, I will fill my imagination to fill the image of the other person in my own mind, which has a small impact on our ability to recognize people and understand the intimate relationship. Online dating is reasonable way to a date. Once you understand the all the steps and finding the perfect Mr.Right. This is the product of this era. Some people use it to do evil, and some people make a fate because of it. There’s a lot of option to let you pick, be smart. You can grasp the degree yourself. Online dating can also make reality love. â€Å"You can be more selective because you have a bigger group to select from. When you’re using online dating, and there’s the possibility of selecting on characteristics that you know you’re going to like, you’re going to know a lot more about people before a first date† (Washington Post). Even though selecting who youre able to date seems innocent enough, it also make it just as easy for a predator or carfisher to select you as their target. Online dating consumes a lot of personal growth and development time. The distance is so disturbing, many people spend a lot of time chatting video calls every day, in order to maintain their feelings carefully. However, in his 20-year-old golden age, peoples learning ability and energy are at the peak. Some people that use digital device for online dating, information can be wrong. Information posted online for online dating can be fraud, you don’t even know if is a ugly guy or lady. Once you in that trap your device will be get hack or maybe you can put yourself in dangerous. After all, online dating is also successful because of the network, through the candid exchanges between the two sides, and finally resonated, forming an emotional dependence, if you return to real life and find that the other party really meets their own ideas, it will be sublimated into love. This love will succeed, and then it will no longer be online dating, it is the love in real life, the network is just the way to connect the two sides. Work Cites â€Å"Pros and Cons of Online Dating.† Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-attraction-doctor/201404/pros-and-cons-online-dating. Werber, Cassie. â€Å"Nobody Knows How Dangerous Online Dating Really Is-and Dating Sites Wont Talk about It.† Quartz, Quartz, 31 Mar. 2017, qz.com/890320/nobody-know-how-dangerous-online-dating-really-is-and-dating-sites-wont-talk-about-it/.

Different Positive And Unique Aspects Of Intercultural...

There are several different positive and unique aspects of intercultural relationships. Intercultural relationships allow individuals to understand other people of different cultures, ethnicities, gender and etc. It is interesting understanding other peoples beliefs as well as how they have lived there life’s. A positive aspect of intercultural relationships is the difference between the two people. I think it is interesting learning how other people think and how they were brought up. When you are in an intercultural relationship you get to understand how that person feels about certain situations that they have been through. You get to learn who that person truly is. When you are in an intercultural relationship you can learn exactly what there communicative behaviors are. Everyone has their different ways they communicate with other people, whether it is family or friends. Communication is by far one of the most important keys to have when you are in a relationship. Without communication there would be no relationship. One of the unique aspects of an intercultural relationship is to learn how and why that individual communicates in a different way compared to you. Having an intercultural relationship is all about learning someone else’s culture and communication is by far the most important aspect. In an intercultural relationship you get to understand what that person has gone through because they have a different culture and different beliefs than others. One of theShow MoreRelatedExploring Gottman Method Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Individual Therapy1483 Words   |  6 Pageswithin couples and families through the lens of intercultural marriage. Biever, Bobele and North (1998) stated that the term intercultural represents a broader range of cultural variables on which couples differ, in particular differences within race, ethnicity and/or religion. For this paper, the specific diversity emphasis is with two clients each from a different races, different religion, or different ethnicities merging to form a relationship. According to McFadden’s (2001) literature reviewRead MoreIntercultural Mediation in a Postmodern World1717 Words   |  7 PagesThis presentation will focus on mediation and the very notion of intercultural mediator in a postmodern world. Mediation is the process of intercultural transformation for all parties involved and also a learning resource in newly constructed spaces of social interactions. Mediation refers to an intercultural spatiality (the socially produced space (Lefebvre 1991), which is not static but constitutive of social relations (Rick, 1997). Here it is useful to adopt Lefebvre’s unitary theory of spaceRead MoreCultural Competence Of A Multicultural World1784 Words   |  8 PagesI’ve lived and had time to watch people, I’ve realized that some people are very fond of intercultural relationships. This could be because of many different things but I’ve found a few that are just down right cool and unique. â€Å"Relationships are p owerful. Our one-to-one connections with each other are the foundation for change. And building relationships with people from different cultures, often many different cultures, is key in building diverse communities that are powerful enough to achieve significantRead MoreA Report On The Law Of The Saudi Arabia1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workforce and their main duties are towards their families. It is the only country in the world where it is forbidden for a woman to drive, vote or travel anywhere without authorization from a male guardian (father or husband). All of these aspects result in a mediocre gender inequality index rating (135 over 146) and global gender gap index (131st). In addition, women must follow a rigorous dress code and cover their hair, body and face by wearing a thick and opaque dress called an abaya orRead MoreList Five Positive And Unique Aspects Of Intercultural Relationships1430 Words   |  6 PagesList five positive and unique aspects of intercultu ral relationships: I. Cultural awareness: having an understanding and appreciation for different cultures as well as your own. Being culturally aware allows you gain more insight and increases your knowledge on the way of life in other countries. You get a different perspective and a better appreciation for other cultures thereby eliminating close-mindedness. (San Diego State University, n.d.) II. 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During this phase, the group discussed both the positive and negative aspects of each proposal of how to start the task. We ultimately decided to incorporate everyone’s ideas and devised the following plan (See Table 1). Table 1: Plan of Attack for Group Presentation Step Goal 1 Find suitable video and presentRead Moreintercultural communication2808 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant to be able to communicate interculturally? Economic growth and stability of the U.S. are inextricably linked to world business partners The workplace in the U.S. reflects an increasing cultural diversity Economic imperative for intercultural competence is powerful, pervasive, and likely will increase U.S. workplace reflects the increasing cultural diversity that comprises the U.S. 2. From a technological imperative perspective, why is it Important to be able to communicateRead MoreBecoming Other Oriented By Martin Luther King Jr.1435 Words   |  6 Pagessociety is still lacking. It is almost daily that we come in contact with someone who is either of different ethnic backgrounds, cultures, or sexual orientation. We as a nation still struggle to respect the values, feelings, and thoughts that’s every individual should be allowed to have. Becoming other-oriented is something that needs to be in every person’s daily activities no matter what kind of relationship it involves. So, how would one go about becoming other-oriented? What skills would one need toRead MoreThe Challenges Faced By International Students In Higher Education852 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction As it is easily visible with the increasing enrolment of international students in Canadian institutions, internationalization has become one of the key aspects of higher education in developing its intellectual property, more mainly due to political and economic reasons (Altbach Knight, 2007). Canada is perceived to be â€Å"one of the most trusted in the world† as a destination of choice with its high-quality education in a welcoming multicultural environment (Global Affairs Canada, 2014)

The Right Side of History - 2361 Words

Unrest in the Arab World Will the United States be on the right side of history? The Right Side of History? The wave of demonstrations, uprisings and revolutions in North Africa and the Middle East has presented the United States with a complex set of diplomatic problems. While a key component of U.S. foreign policy is promoting and supporting democracy, it is vital to U.S. interests that the Middle East remains relatively stable. A truly democratic Arab world is a new concept, and is one that has yet to show its true colors. If the result of the Palestinian Authority legislative elections held in January of 2006 is any indication of what may evolve in the region, the U.S. has plenty of cause for concern. The elections,†¦show more content†¦Shortly after the protests began in Tunisia, a wave of protests and demonstrations swept over the Arab world, from Algeria to Yemen, with few countries being exempt from the movement. Leaders of wealthier countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain, offered economic concessions to stave off unrest. Other l eaders offered minor political concessions. Yet the protests continue. The Egyptian Revolution, which began with protests on January 25, 2011 and lasted for 18 days, became a media sensation watched worldwide. Not only conventional media, but social media as well. Social media played an unprecedented and important role in Egypt, changing the face of revolutions forever. Unlike Tunisia, a marginal actor in the region, Egypt is the most populous, and one could argue, the most important country in the Middle East, at least in terms of maintaining stability. The U.S., which had backed the Egyptian government militarily since 1979 and had friendly relations with Mubarak, was faced with tough diplomatic decisions. Many foreign relations experts agree that the Obama Administration did a reasonable job handling the tricky situation. 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Circulatory system free essay sample

The Circulatory System The circulatory system is the system ot the human body that is responsible tor delivering oxygen, nutrients, and disease-fighting cells to the bodys organs and tissues. Parts of the circulatory system Include the cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and blood, as well as the lymphatic system, made up of the lymph vessels, nodes, and lymph Itself. The cardiovascular system brings oxygen and glucose to the bodys tissues in the blood and distributes white blood cells, which defend against disease. The lymphatic system produces and transports additional immune cells. The cardiovascular system is known as a closed system, meaning that the blood it carries is re-circulated, while the lymphatic system is open, meaning that the lymph, the clear fluid within, is able to exit its complex of vessels and enter the cardiovascular system, Within the cardiovascular system are several important parts of the circulatory system. We will write a custom essay sample on Circulatory system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They include two major organs, the heart and lungs. Also part of this system is a network of arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and eins, which bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart to receive more oxygen in the lungs. Blood Is also part of the cardiovascular system. Blood is the fluid that transports the disease-fighting white blood cells, the oxygen-supplying red blood cells, and the fuel-replenishing electrolytes to the bodys various tissues. There are two systems for circulating blood. During pulmonary circulation, the deoxygenated blood that has been returned to the heart Is pumped into the lungs, where It receives more oxygen, and then pumped back Into the heart to be distributed throughout the ody. Systemic circulation is the process by which the arteries take this blood away from the heart and deliver it to the body, only for the blood to be returned by the veins to receive a new supply of oxygen. The lymph itself is the name for fluid traveling within the lymphatic system. It contains plasma, water, nutrients. and cell waste products, and can build up in body tissues, causing edema or swelling. Lymph is one of those parts of the circulatory system that is able to drain this excess fluid and its accompanying waste products out the tissues. ere it can be taken by the blood to the various organs that remove It from the body. The very reason these parts of the circulatory system exist is to distribute the components contained in blood. Oxygen is essential In that it provides some of the energy required during cell metabolism. Nutrients like glucose are what fuel the brain as well as the muscles, while amino acids found in protein repair the muscles and other tissues. They are wha t keep the body running. Electrolytes like sodium make muscle contractions and therefore movement possible. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, rush to wherever they are needed to fight off Infection. other key parts of the circulatory system are the components of the lymphatic system. The lymph vessels transport lymph, a clear fluid that filters Infectious material from the body. They also drain plasma, which Is carried from the blood to tissues where It is needed to fight infection, back Into the blood stream. In the lymph nodes the lymphocytes, a kind of white blood cell, infection. Arteriosclerosis is a common disease of the circulatory system caused by he buildup of fat, cholesterol, or other substance in the artery wall. Deposits in the artery cause the vessel to stiffen and narrow. Diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood pressure can result in stiff arteries that restrict blood flow through the heart. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, occurs when a high force of blood presses against the artery walls over time. This condition can develop from a diet high in salt, smoking, kidney disease, or some other underlying medical condition. Untreated high blood pressure may lead to stroke, heart failure, or visual problems. An aortic aneurysm occurs when a section of the aorta bulges, stretches, and swells. This bulge can weaken the aorta to the point that it bursts, releasing blood into the body. Bleeding from an aortic aneurysm is a medical emergency that can be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, aging, high cholesterol, and a positive family history. Heart disease occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart narrow and stiffen. Smoking, an unhealthy diet, stress, and a sedentary lifestyle all ncrease the risk of heart disease. A heart attack or stroke can occur if the condition is untreated. Varicose veins are another common disease of the circulatory system that happens when veins in the legs twist, swell, and become painful. Aging, pregnancy, prolonged standing, and defective valves can all contribute to the development of varicose veins. Most of the time varicose veins can be treated by elevating the lower extremities, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting positions, and wearing supportive stockings.

Mozart Essays (1903 words) - Music, Classical Music, Mozart Family

Mozart "The classical period produced more instrumental than vocal music, a wealth of serious and comic operas as well as vocal religious music also appeared during this time"(Ferris, 231). One of the best composer of this time was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In this paper I will go through his childhood, his friends and family, and of course his music. Enjoy!!! Child of the Enlightenment The world that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart entered ceremoniously in 1756 was brimming in change. Historians refer to this era as the Age of Enlightenment, one of unparalleled scientific, philosophical, and political ferment. Within Mozart's lifetime it set in motion forces that would fundamentally alter life not only in his native, Salzburg, but also around the globe. The Enlightenment was not, to be sure, a democratic movement. In France, the absolutism of the Sun King, Louis XIV, continued under Louis XV and XVI. But in Austria, Empress Maria Theresa introduced a greater measure of tolerance and freedom among her subjects, laying a foundation for the democratic revolutions that followed. Wolfgang's father Leopold came from a family of Augsburg bookbinders. He received a solid Jesuit education, more intellectual than evangelical after a year at the Benedictine University in nearby Salzburg; Leopold stopped attending classes to pursue a career as a musician. "Leopold figured as Mozart's most important first model. He taught his son the clavier and composition"(Mercardo 763). Wolfgang's mother Anna-Maria brought as much talent to her 32-year marriage as did Leopold. Though deprived of a formal education, she was highly intelligent and quick-witted? qualities that attracted the sober and reserved Leopold. Only two of their seven children survived infancy. Wolfgang's musically talented sister Nannerl was five years older. Yet in this painting, the 12-year- old looks like a spinster of seventy?complete with budding double chin. Wolfgang, too, looks far older than his 7 years, and controls the action from his place at its center. The Child Prodigy Indeed, Mozart marks the beginning of the Western fascination with the child prodigy. Dressed in the festive outfit given Wolfgang in 1762 by the Empress Maria Theresa, this boy of not quite seven years old looks, for all the world, like a miniature adult who has simply skipped childhood. "Mozart was keenly aware of his exceptional ability, which had been fostered and rutted in him by his father from a very early age"(Schroter). Other nineteenth-century artists represented Wolfgang?variously said to be anywhere from 11 to 14 as a curly-locked angel. For them, how else could the divine music that poured out of a child-size body be explained? The idealization of Mozart's genius was complete by the end of the nineteenth century. Mozart composes with his violin in one hand and music has appeared miraculously on his stand in the other. The message is unmistakable: "Mortals use quills, Mozart simply wills"(Solomon) On the Road The temptation to take his two prodigies on the road proved irresistible to Leopold, who assumed sole responsibility for Mozart's education. Between 1762 and 1766, the Mozarts appeared at almost every major court in Europe. Wolfgang dazzled audiences with his ability to read difficult music at sight and to improvise. In London, as elsewhere, the Mozarts hobnobbed with the leading musicians. Probably the most important of these was Johann Christian Bach, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian. It is no accident that Mozart's early symphonies, composed in London, are often stylistically indistinguishable from those of J. C. Bach. When Mozart was 13, his prowess as a keyboard player, violinist, improviser, and composer were already legendary. "When Mozart was 21 he wrote "Paris" Symphony, N31 while he was in Paris looking for a music position. He was thoroughly disenchanted with the French and their music"(Internet). From 1768 to 1775, between stays in Salzburg, he and Leopold made three further forays to Italy and Germany. Wolfgang evolved from a prodigy into a serious composer. Public Successes A self-confident Mozart assured his father in 1782 that he would be able to support a wife and family in Vienna, As a result which he called "Clavierland. Of its earlier devastation, the dominant architectural style in Vienna is Baroque, aided in the 1700s by an influx of Italian sculptors, stucco workers, and painters. The dominant architect and architectural historian was Italian-trained Johann Fischer von Erlach(1656-1723), whose densely decorated structures still stand out today." He planned to achieve this by writing music for the public: operas, symphonies, and concertos featuring himself as pianist. Although public performances were less frequent than today, they were for that reason on a more lavish scale. Of a set of piano concertos, Mozart

Ambiguous Words essays

Ambiguous Words essays Essay Question: Southerners maintained that secession was the ultimate expression of democracy, while Lincoln claimed it was rejection of democracy. How did they explain and justify their principles. On December 20, 1860, the Confederacy was born when South Carolina seceded from the federal Union. The Union and the Confederacy severely clashed in their views on the Constitution; the South felt that individual states should have the right to nullify laws, while Abraham Lincoln believed the federal government should appoint representatives for individual states. The South and Abraham Lincoln contrasted sharply on the idea of secession because the Constitution was ambiguous regarding Immediately following the election of Lincoln, the southern secessionists wanted to separate from the Union. Southerners feared that the Republican victory in 1860 would interfere in their domestic concernsparticularly their right to property and slaves as guaranteed by the fifth amendment of the Bill of Rights (Jones 24). As a result, the state of South Carolina held a convention and voted to secede from the Union. Following South Carolinas lead, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas also seceded. Their growing minority status had left them vulnerable to northern oppression; their right to withdraw from the governing pact remained a fundamental precept of the Declaration of Independence (24). Representatives from each state convened on February 1860, to create the Confederate States of America. Although this document was roughly based on the Constitution, it assigned limits on the governments power to impose tariffs and restrictions on slavery. The southerners felt that they needed to create a new constitution because the preamble to the Constitution . . . does not propose to make the old Union more perfect, but to for...

Women in the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women in the Military - Essay Example The reason for the exclusion of women in the military is as a result of their smaller physical body, and Fenner & DeYoung (2001 p 145) reports that women have 50 percent strength of the strength men have. According to Barno (2014), ‘in January 2014 fifty percent of women in the US marine failed to pass a physical standard test’, a test similar to the one offered to their male counterparts. The cry for greater women representation for women to serve in more diverse roles is louder than ever, in fact, the defense secretary reiterated the desire, by stating that, ‘combat positions will be more open to women’ †¦.Indeed, the civil talk of gender equality has breached the gate of the military service. The genuine need for a military service in which both men and women have equal opportunities has been thwarted by nature. Women are born naturally physically weaker than men. Debate on the roles of women in the military is as strong as ever, with the gender activist calling for standardization of the processes so that the women take positions in ground

Should spam emails be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should spam emails be banned - Essay Example A poll conducted by BBC showed that 93% of the people wanted the spam emails to be banned because of the concerns that these spam emails are causing in the society. It was witnessed that the spam emails were increased by 80% in the beginning of the year 2002 and the demand for an anti spam software increased with the greater number of spam emails. The problem of spam email has reached its limits as even the large companies such as Microsoft are being affected by it. In 2005 Microsoft charged Levon Gillespie on the charges of providing shelter to the spammers so that they could send bulk emails to the customers of Microsoft itself. An Act is known as ‘Can Spam Act’ was formulated in the United States in the year of 2004 after which the spam emails on the internet have increased by around 80 percent. The problem of spam emails is not only limited to illegal advertising and unwanted emails but also expands to viruses which can be found in these emails. Internet users who do not know much about viruses tend to get caught up in a whirlwind as the spammers use the computers of these individuals without their permission to send spam emails.  A poll conducted by BBC showed that 93% of the people wanted the spam emails to be banned because of the concerns that these spam emails are causing in the society. It was witnessed that the spam emails were increased by 80% in the beginning of the year 2002 and the demand for an anti spam software increased with the greater number of spam emails.   The problem of spam email has reached its limits as even the large companies such as Microsoft are being affected by it. In 2005 Microsoft charged Levon Gillespie on the charges of providing shelter to the spammers so that they could sent bulk emails to the customers of Microsoft itself. An Act known as ‘Can Spam Act’ was formulated in the United States in the year of 2004 after which the spam emails on the internet have increased by around 80 percent. The problem of spam emails is not only limited to illegal advertising and unwanted mails but also expands to viruses which can be found in these emails. Internet users who do not know much about viruses tend to get caught up in a whirlwind as the spammers use the computers of these individuals without their permission to send spam emails (Zeller 2005). Moreover a research by the Standford University showed that a regular internet user spends almost 10 days of a year handling the incoming spam of emails. Spam emails have not only proved to be unethical but they have also increased financial problems for the companies (Zeller 2005). Analysts maintained that companies might suffer a financial balance of around $50 billion because of the spam emails that are being sent. An example of a company which was struck by spam emails in 2006 was Blue Security Inc. In an attempt to stop the spammers from sending spam to their customers the company started spamming the spammers from the emails of the ir customers. This resulted in a counter attack by the spammers stating that they would reach new horizons by hacking into the accounts of their customers. The spam in 2006 not only affected Blue Security Inc but also affected other companies as it increased the internet traffic. The company Blue Security closed its website after the spam event (Krebs 2006). On the other hand many argue that spam should not be banned because it is not a serious crime like killing or terrorist attacks. This can be witnessed in the policy of the United States which did not enact any spam law for many years. Others argue that spam emails help to learn more about things which people are unaware about of. They think that spam can help them to know about products or services which they can avail in the society these days. Spam is not an issue of serious concerns as argued by the opponents (BBC News 2002). Conclusion However in the recent years it is seen that Europe has also implemented certain laws which do not allow emails to be sent without the consent of the recipient. But it is still seen that the measures taken by

History of Panama Canal Essay Example for Free

History of Panama Canal Essay Christopher Columbus was on his fourth voyage and he was looking for a way to China. That’s when he came across the country named Panama, which stretches only 60 miles, where he found Indians who had tons of gold. But he was looking for a way to China so he sent his brother Bartholomew to search for more gold. At first Indians were willing to lead the Spaniards to the gold, but eventually they got tired and led the Spanish back to the coast. When the Indians did this they were abused. Eventually the Indians fought back and drove of the Spanish. Balboa is one of the people who found tons of gold and sent it back to Spain, but saved a lot for himself. With his earnings he decided to Balboa decided to settle in Hispaniola as a planter. But after some time he ended up in debt and had to abandon his life as a planter. Trying to escape his creditors Balboa hid in a ship and tried to escape, from Santo Domingo to San Sebastian, and was successful. When they arrived at San Sebastian, they discovered that it had been burned to the ground. Balboa convinced the others to travel southwest with him to a spot he had seen on his earlier expedition. In 1511, Balboa founded a colony, the first European settlement in South America the town of Santa Maria de la Antigua del Darien. Balboa married the daughter of Careta, the local Indian chief. Soon after, in 1513, he sailed with hundreds of Spaniards and Indians across the Gulf of Uraba to the Darien Peninsula. Balboa headed an overland expedition west through very dense rainforests. Along the way they fought many local Indians and destroyed one Indian village, killing hundreds of Indians. Balboa was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. Balboa and his men then traveled to the ocean and claimed it and all the land that touched it for Spain. The building of the Panama Canal came to light during the 1530’s. As they began to transport their riches back to the Spanish homeland, they were always interested in more efficient routes. It was suggested to Spanish Ruler Charles V that Panama might serve as an ideal place to construct a water passage joining the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This would considerably cut the time it took to otherwise sail around the southern edge of South America. But wars back home put the idea on hold. In 1845 French company called the Compagnie de Panama wanted a railroad built by Colombia across Isthmus and administer it for 99 years. However in 1848 they couldn’t pay for it and lost their rights regarding the railroad. In 1848 the California gold rush occurred. This alone caused heavy traffic across the Isthmus of Panama. Later that year in December, U. S Company, the Panama railroad company negotiated a new contract with Bogota, Colombia to build the railroad across the Isthmus in 6 years. Part of the contract said that the trip would be guaranteed in less than 12 hours. The railroad was built and completed the journey in 4 ? hours. But Matthew Fontaine Maury, leading U. S. government scientist wrote to congress that the railroad Isthmus of Panama will lead to the construction of a ship canal between the two oceans, for a railroad can’t do the business which commerce will require it. Railroad was expensive it cost $250 in gold to ride the 47 miles. It cost 10-15 cents a pound to carry a passenger’s baggage. Express freight and merchandise was charged $1. 80 per cubic foot. Railroad Company made more than $7 million. This was too expensive for normal people and Maury’s words of 1849 came true as men from around the world began to arrive to build the Panama Canal. The first country to try and build the canal was France. Ferdinand de Lesseps, who supervised the Suez Canal, was interested in building the Panama Canal. He joined several French businessmen to form a private company with an impressive name: the Societe Civile Internationale du Canal Interuceanique du Darien. The societe sent Lucien Napoleon- Bon parte Wyse, grandnephew of the 1st French emperor, Napoleon Bon parte to Panama in early November 1876, to survey the site for a canal and, more important, to secure the permission of Colombia for such a project. Colombian government and Wyse had an agreement. That for an initial payment of nearly $200,000 as well as yearly rental fee, societe was granted permission to build and administer a canal for 99 year lease. Colombia gave societe a belt of land 200 meter wide across the entire width of Panama. However at the end of 99 years the canal and land would be returned to Colombia. In 1873 U. S. had conducted surveys of a potential route across Panama, but had rejected it. Wyes never did surveys, and decided to use the notes of U. S. surveys instead. After that he left Panama for home to report to Lesseps. The French plan was simple a channel across the Isthmus at sea level. They would follow a route that ran close to the existing Panama railroad. They planned to use the railroad to transport supplies and haul away the excavated dirt. Once the excavation had reached sea level the canal itself would be dug another 27 ? feet deep, and 72 feet deep at its bottom. They planned to complete the canal in 12 years. However the idea of sea level canal was impossible to achieve. Charges river valley, through which and canal would have to go through stood at an altitude of 80-100 feet above sea level. Nobody including de Lesseps ignored this problem and said it was not serious. However the French never finished the sea level canal. 1000’s of men died of malaria, yellow fever and other diseases. Eventually in 1889 the French court also declared the French canal company was bankrupt. In 1903 Panama declared its independence from Colombia and wins it with the help of U.  S. Soon the Hay- Bunau – Varilla treaty was signed which gave U. S. the right to build a canal through Panama. At this time President Roosevelt was in charge. Roosevelt wanted to build the canal to increase America’s navy power, and it made the trip from the east coast to the west coast of the U. S. much shorter than the route taken around the tip of South America. 1904, the Americans first year in Panama, mirrored the French disaster. The chief engineer, John Findlay Wallace, neglected to organize the effort or to develop an action plan. The food was putrid, the living conditions abysmal. Political red tape put a stranglehold on appropriations. Disease struck, and three out of four Americans booked passage home. Engineer Wallace soon followed. The Americans had poured $128 million into the swamps of Panama, to very little effect. Wallace’s replacement was John Stevens. Stevens had built the Great Northern Railroad across the Pacific Northwest. In rough territory from Canada to Mexico, he had proven his tenacity. And his new plan of action would ultimately save the canal. Stevens began work not by digging, but by cleaning. Thanks to the work of WILLIAM GORGAS, the threats of yellow fever and malaria were greatly diminished. Then on February 12, 1907, a dispirited Chief Engineer Stevens resigned, and Goethals took over as the chief engineer. Colonel George Washington Goethals, an Army engineer with experience building lock-type canals, assumed the Chief Engineers post. Demanding and rigidly organized, Goethals quickly picked up where Stevens left off. America had to face a couple of problems. First they had to dig at the Culebra Cut, where 100,000,000 cubic yards of earth and rock would have to be removed. The workers there made ten cents an hour moved as much as 200 trainloads of spoil a day. When mudslides filled the Cut repeatedly, Goethals simply ordered it dug out again. There were accidents of all sorts, lost equipment, and deaths, but there was progress. The engineering problems were enormous. Because the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are at different elevations, a series of three sets of water-filled chambers, called locks, that raise and lower ships from one level to the next, had to be excavated and constructed.

Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre    Bronte paints many parallels between the characters in the novel and the trade of prostitution. One of the main characters that Bronte attributes poverty to is the character of Jane. Jane’s poverty is intrinsically important to the plot of the novel because Bronte uses Jane’s poverty to allow the reader to picture Jane as a virtuous woman, such as when Jane flees from Thornfield to escape the entrapment of Rochester. The reader is urged to feel sympathy for Jane as she adheres to her strict, virtuous moral codes and does not allow herself to succumb to temptation. Jane exhibits her desperate situation when she has fled from Thornfield and is struggling to sustain herself. Jane states, "Once more I took off my handkerchief-once more I thought of the cakes of bread in the little shop. Oh, but for a crust! For but one mouthful to allay the pang of famine!" (Bronte, ch.28; 323). The language used in the passage shows that Jane is in a state of desperation and she still does not resort to prostitution, even though in many respects she does not have another choice. Jane is at a point in her life where she must do something to sustain her life, but Jane never even contemplates prostitution as an option to enable her to obtain money or food. In Victorian society Jane’s poverty and subsequent life would have rendered her a prime candidate for taking up the trade of prostitution. The description given by Vicinus of the woman most vulnerable to fall victim to the trade of prostitution is similar to Jane’s life. Jane is a domestic servant in her roles as a governess at Lowood and Thornfield and she has no familial ties. One of the dominant distinctions of a Victorian prostitute was her dress or "love of finery." When the love of finery is introduced Bronte veers off the course of identifying Jane with the likeness of a prostitute. The Victorian prostitute is associated with the love of fine dresses, like that of the upper-class society. The prostitute's dress denoted her as a disgraceful and immoral character because she wore the type of dress that was not associated with her class. Valverde states, "†¦What was or was not finery depended upon the socioeconomic status of the wearer" (Valverde 169). The love of finery is relentlessly associated with the Victorian prostitute, but Jane portrays an image of plainness in the attire that she wears. Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre    Bronte paints many parallels between the characters in the novel and the trade of prostitution. One of the main characters that Bronte attributes poverty to is the character of Jane. Jane’s poverty is intrinsically important to the plot of the novel because Bronte uses Jane’s poverty to allow the reader to picture Jane as a virtuous woman, such as when Jane flees from Thornfield to escape the entrapment of Rochester. The reader is urged to feel sympathy for Jane as she adheres to her strict, virtuous moral codes and does not allow herself to succumb to temptation. Jane exhibits her desperate situation when she has fled from Thornfield and is struggling to sustain herself. Jane states, "Once more I took off my handkerchief-once more I thought of the cakes of bread in the little shop. Oh, but for a crust! For but one mouthful to allay the pang of famine!" (Bronte, ch.28; 323). The language used in the passage shows that Jane is in a state of desperation and she still does not resort to prostitution, even though in many respects she does not have another choice. Jane is at a point in her life where she must do something to sustain her life, but Jane never even contemplates prostitution as an option to enable her to obtain money or food. In Victorian society Jane’s poverty and subsequent life would have rendered her a prime candidate for taking up the trade of prostitution. The description given by Vicinus of the woman most vulnerable to fall victim to the trade of prostitution is similar to Jane’s life. Jane is a domestic servant in her roles as a governess at Lowood and Thornfield and she has no familial ties. One of the dominant distinctions of a Victorian prostitute was her dress or "love of finery." When the love of finery is introduced Bronte veers off the course of identifying Jane with the likeness of a prostitute. The Victorian prostitute is associated with the love of fine dresses, like that of the upper-class society. The prostitute's dress denoted her as a disgraceful and immoral character because she wore the type of dress that was not associated with her class. Valverde states, "†¦What was or was not finery depended upon the socioeconomic status of the wearer" (Valverde 169). The love of finery is relentlessly associated with the Victorian prostitute, but Jane portrays an image of plainness in the attire that she wears.

Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre    Bronte paints many parallels between the characters in the novel and the trade of prostitution. One of the main characters that Bronte attributes poverty to is the character of Jane. Jane’s poverty is intrinsically important to the plot of the novel because Bronte uses Jane’s poverty to allow the reader to picture Jane as a virtuous woman, such as when Jane flees from Thornfield to escape the entrapment of Rochester. The reader is urged to feel sympathy for Jane as she adheres to her strict, virtuous moral codes and does not allow herself to succumb to temptation. Jane exhibits her desperate situation when she has fled from Thornfield and is struggling to sustain herself. Jane states, "Once more I took off my handkerchief-once more I thought of the cakes of bread in the little shop. Oh, but for a crust! For but one mouthful to allay the pang of famine!" (Bronte, ch.28; 323). The language used in the passage shows that Jane is in a state of desperation and she still does not resort to prostitution, even though in many respects she does not have another choice. Jane is at a point in her life where she must do something to sustain her life, but Jane never even contemplates prostitution as an option to enable her to obtain money or food. In Victorian society Jane’s poverty and subsequent life would have rendered her a prime candidate for taking up the trade of prostitution. The description given by Vicinus of the woman most vulnerable to fall victim to the trade of prostitution is similar to Jane’s life. Jane is a domestic servant in her roles as a governess at Lowood and Thornfield and she has no familial ties. One of the dominant distinctions of a Victorian prostitute was her dress or "love of finery." When the love of finery is introduced Bronte veers off the course of identifying Jane with the likeness of a prostitute. The Victorian prostitute is associated with the love of fine dresses, like that of the upper-class society. The prostitute's dress denoted her as a disgraceful and immoral character because she wore the type of dress that was not associated with her class. Valverde states, "†¦What was or was not finery depended upon the socioeconomic status of the wearer" (Valverde 169). The love of finery is relentlessly associated with the Victorian prostitute, but Jane portrays an image of plainness in the attire that she wears. Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays Portrayals of Prostitution in Jane Eyre    Bronte paints many parallels between the characters in the novel and the trade of prostitution. One of the main characters that Bronte attributes poverty to is the character of Jane. Jane’s poverty is intrinsically important to the plot of the novel because Bronte uses Jane’s poverty to allow the reader to picture Jane as a virtuous woman, such as when Jane flees from Thornfield to escape the entrapment of Rochester. The reader is urged to feel sympathy for Jane as she adheres to her strict, virtuous moral codes and does not allow herself to succumb to temptation. Jane exhibits her desperate situation when she has fled from Thornfield and is struggling to sustain herself. Jane states, "Once more I took off my handkerchief-once more I thought of the cakes of bread in the little shop. Oh, but for a crust! For but one mouthful to allay the pang of famine!" (Bronte, ch.28; 323). The language used in the passage shows that Jane is in a state of desperation and she still does not resort to prostitution, even though in many respects she does not have another choice. Jane is at a point in her life where she must do something to sustain her life, but Jane never even contemplates prostitution as an option to enable her to obtain money or food. In Victorian society Jane’s poverty and subsequent life would have rendered her a prime candidate for taking up the trade of prostitution. The description given by Vicinus of the woman most vulnerable to fall victim to the trade of prostitution is similar to Jane’s life. Jane is a domestic servant in her roles as a governess at Lowood and Thornfield and she has no familial ties. One of the dominant distinctions of a Victorian prostitute was her dress or "love of finery." When the love of finery is introduced Bronte veers off the course of identifying Jane with the likeness of a prostitute. The Victorian prostitute is associated with the love of fine dresses, like that of the upper-class society. The prostitute's dress denoted her as a disgraceful and immoral character because she wore the type of dress that was not associated with her class. Valverde states, "†¦What was or was not finery depended upon the socioeconomic status of the wearer" (Valverde 169). The love of finery is relentlessly associated with the Victorian prostitute, but Jane portrays an image of plainness in the attire that she wears.

Kindergarten-Full Day Versus Half Day Essay

The sky is the limit for children. The benefits of children attending full day kindergarten are far greater than those children that attend half day. Some parents and educators disagree; they say that children should not be forced into their educational career so young. Whether for or against full-day kindergarten, the common goal for all parents is the well being for each individual child. Every child has different needs and capabilities. Parents have to make an informed decision on full day or half day kindergarten. That decision can be a difficult one. Ultimately that decision is the starting point for the next twelve or more years of education for these young children. Connecticut does not have a law mandating all towns have full day kindergarten. The budget process has to make full day kindergarten a priority. The curriculum for kindergarten is limited during half day sessions for children. Because of the time limitations during half day, these children are getting significant amounts of homework to bring home. Before and aftercare is needed due to the short school day for the half day kindergartners, causing parents to pay for childcare. The most important point is that children’s cognitive learning is so crucial at age five. They can absorb so much information at a kindergarten level. Taking advantage of that will give them the best opportunities for the educational career and give them a head start. Kindergarten was originated in 1837 (Burkam 3). Children develop their mental, social, and emotional faculties through play, music, movement, interaction with the outdoors, and opportunities to engage in independent and creative pursuits (Burkam 3). The goal of kindergarten is to prepare children for first grade academics (Burkam 5). Children show great resilience so can therefore adapt to any formal routine, especially education. We must constructively use this critical stage in their lives to have them absorb all the information they can. Most towns in eastern Connecticut have full day kindergarten except Montville. There is no set standard in Connecticut law for all towns to have at least one full-day kindergarten. East Lyme, Niantic, Norwich, Waterford, Ledyard, and Groton have already established a full day program for kindergarten. Montville being the only town in the surrounding area that does not have a full day option available makes it very difficult to those parents in that town to make arrangements for care of their children. Planning a town budget for full day kindergarten is not as complicated as it may seem. Child care is financed primarily by families, who are estimated to be paying between $40 and $50 billion annually (Mitchell 8). Only a small percentage of those funds being spent could be used for funding all schools with full day kindergarten programs. Demonstrating better ways to increase and combine local, state, public and private sources to finance all types of programs so that they can meet higher standards and that all families can afford kindergarten and preschool education (Mitchell 12). Some educators say the biggest obstacle is hiring teachers. They would need twice the amount already staffed. Splitting up the groups of half day classes and teachers could be a solution to that issue. There would not need to be any additional teachers hired in that case. There is so much for children to learn at the age of five. A full day of learning, social interaction, and play is so beneficial. Research comparing half-day and full-day kindergarten shows those children benefit from a developmentally appropriate, full-day program, most notably in terms of early academic achievement—a foundation for school and life success (Villegas 1). Full-day kindergarten can afford children the academic learning time needed to prepare for mastery of primary-grade reading and math skills (Villegas 1) In particular, the weight of evidence shows that full-day kindergarten benefits children in these ways: contributes to increased school readiness, children that are adapted to full day kindergarten are already prepared for the transition into regular grade level schooling, most importantly, they understand rules and behavior, which leads to a higher academic achievement. Standardized tests and classroom grades find that full day students achieve higher and improve student attendance. There is better attendance in full-day kindergarten due to the parents understanding that there is so much more information and teaching provided during a longer day and does not want their child to miss, supporting a childs literacy and language development has long lasting effects that are greater in children that attend full day kindergarten (Villegas 2). One study showed higher reading achievement persisting through third grade and in some cases even seventh grade (Villegas 1). Enrolling a child in full-day kindergarten benefits them socially and emotionally. Full day gives children a balance of structured play and self play. Being with classmates for more hours in a classroom forces them to build positive relationships. Those relationships last sometimes all the way through twelfth grade. Decreases costs by reducing retention and remediation rates (Villegas 1, 2). One study, which found full day students to be more than twice as likely to remain on grade through third grade, showed that this academic benefit helped to offset 19 percent of the first year’s cost of extending the kindergarten day (Villegas 2). For those children in half-day kindergarten, they need to have before and after care in some families, especially when both parents work full time. If there were full day kindergarten, it would eliminate some of that cost of after care. Due to these children needing to go to multiple places throughout the day for care and schooling becomes the issue of transportation. During a parents work day, that child could be bused to as much as three different locations just for child care. Parents prefer longer kindergarten programs because children have to make fewer transitions within a day and they believe their children will be better prepared for first grade (Mitchell 5). Day care programs are valuable, but do not have the curriculum and equal age structure that kindergarten does. Proponents of full-day kindergarten believe that children, as a result of their various childcare and preschool experiences, are ready for more demanding and cognitively oriented educational programs (Burkam 6). Having group play with children ages 0-5 is not beneficial educationally. Children at age five are at an important learning stage in their lives. The more education they can receive in kindergarten the better prepared for school they will be. Full-day advocates suggest several advantages for the longer kindergarten day: it allows teachers more opportunity to assess children’s educational needs and individualize instruction, it makes small-group learning experiences more feasible, it engages children in a broader range of learning experiences, it provides opportunities for in-depth exploration of curriculum, it provides opportunities for closer teacher-parent relationships, it benefits working parents who may need a longer school day (Burkam 6). Reading, math, science are subjects that are the beginning fundamentals in learning Researchers found that children who attended full-day kindergarten scored higher on reading comprehension and mathematics concepts and applications (Burkam 9). Having more hours in a school day allows teachers to take a more one on one approach for the children to really delve deep into counting, the alphabet, writing, speaking, and so forth. The foundation of learning stems from kindergarten. Cognitive development is the most important issue with having children in a full-day kindergarten program. Kindergarten is more than play and social interaction with peers, this time must be used to take full advantage of a child’s potential in learning. Education should be the first priority and focus in a child’s life. The bigger picture is laying the groundwork for children’s educational experience. The younger the child the more prepared they will be for the future and the most successful in life.

Dr. Milton s Thesis - 1202 Words

In case 9.15, graduate student, Sam is finishing up his master’s degree with his thesis work and is getting ready to start the research portion of the project. He has recently found out that his brother has terminal cancer and will probably not live past Christmas. Sam had wanted his brother to be present for his graduation ceremony as a way to say thank you for all the support he had received from him over the years. He knew that the only way his thesis would be done by the September deadline was if he fabricated parts of it. Sam chose to go ahead and conduct the interviews like he had originally planned, but decided to personally make up the questionnaires. He got it approved by his advisor, Dr. Milton, who was regarded as a good†¦show more content†¦As a member of the faculty, Dr. Milton has an obligation to keep the institutions standards intact. Dr. Milton is a professional and if she does not follow the rules her integrity will be at risk. She is regarded as a t horough mentor. If it becomes known that she will look the other way for her students her reputation will be destroyed. It may not be specifically required for professors to report academic dishonesty, but there is a moral obligation to do so. Boston University’s academic conduct code explains the procedures that should be done if academic fraud takes place. It explains that faculty should speak with the student before reporting the violation to Assistant or Associate Dean (Academic Conduct Code, n.d.). The school and program has a conduct code that students must follow in order to keep their status as a student. This code details the procedures that should be executed in an academic dishonesty case. The Boston University academic conduct code discusses what constitutes as a violation of the code, defines the action that takes place on suspected violations and explains the penalties. The code also provides examples of academic dishonesty (Academic Conduct Code, n.d.). By comm itting academic fraud, Sam is in violation of these rules. By these standards committing academic fraud is unethical and should be made known to school officials. This case also informs us that Sam’s decision to be dishonest in his work comes after learning

Sentence Combining in English

The Meaning of Blood in Macbeth by William Shakespeare

â€Å"I am in blood/ Stepp’d in so far that should I wade no more/ returning were as tedious as go’er†(III. v. 136-138). From history, one can learn that spilling blood is never the answer. Blood has the incredible power to shape one’s thoughts, actions and life. It begins life, when in the body it is essential for maintaining life, but once spilt, it can end life. Blood embodies several meanings which can be both good and bad. In some cases, it can represent bravery and nobility, but, more often, it is linked to betrayal, corruption, evil ambitions, and revenge, which can result in the abandonment of one’s morals. Ultimately, failure to learn lessons from personal experiences or â€Å"spilling blood† results in negative consequences. Physically and spiritually, blood has taken many different forms in my life and has taught me significant lessons. My first encounter with blood was at a karate tournament when my own blood was spilt due to a la ck of judgment and impulsive attitude. During a sparing confrontation, my opponent was cheating in order to guarantee his victory. Despite knowing that violence would not solve anything, I was blinded by my fury and hit him with a powerful punch in the face. Unexpectedly, in a fraction of a second, the favor was returned with an even greater thirst for revenge and blood spilled down my face and neck, staining even my pure white karate gee. Not only were we injured, but, as a consequence of our actions, both of us were disqualified from theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Symbolic Meaning of Blood in Macbeth by William Shakespeare513 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare, in his work Macbeth, uses many forms of imagery to grasp the attention of the audience. His particular use of blood imagery is highly prevalent in Macbeth, a play set during the tumultuous 11th century – a century filled with unrest and uneasiness (as seen in the unification of Scotland, and the famous Norman conquest of Britain in 1066). Shakespeare’s use of blood follows a circular motion; it begins as a representation of honour, and progresses into one of guilt, then evil and finallyRead MoreEssay on Use of Blood in Shakespeares Macbeth943 Words   |  4 PagesUse of Blood in Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play ‘Macbeth’, Shakespeare uses brutal imagery, with association of blood.   The mood of disgust and horror towards the characters and setting is established by the references to the universal representation of death and pain. The first mention of blood seems to establish a sense of honor. The second mention of blood seems to communicate betrayal.   Lastly the third allusion of blood appears to establish a sense of guilt All of these images of blood helpRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages16, 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greedRead More The Symbol of Blood in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples692 Words   |  3 PagesThe Symbol of Blood in William Shakespeares Macbeth Blood represents life, death and often injury. It is an essential part of life, and without blood, we could not live. 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Some say blood represents the Macbeths’ guilt, and some include greed. In Jesuss point of view, blood has a holy and sacred meaning of life, and further support from Cliffnotes.com, â€Å"Blood itself —Read MoreEnglish Feature article on Shakespears Macbeth with reference to both play and Polanskis adaptation. Title: Windows changed through time.1199 Words   |  5 Pageschanged through time. A way to see the world through different eyes... In late 1606 or early 1607, The last of Shakespeare s four great tragedies was written. Macbeth has been said by many to be Shakespeare s darkest work, A Reflection through Shakespeare s mind giving us a window into Elizabethan ways of politics, Human violence and Human nature. 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It can be said that one is ultimately responsible Essay Example For Students

It can be said that one is ultimately responsible Essay for their own destiny within their own lives. This includes fortune, as well as misfortune. Victor Frankenstein of Geneva is responsible for his own downfall and death in Mary Shelleys work, Frankenstein. It can be argued that Victor is a victim of the Creations vengeance and rage upon Victor for his own tragic life, but several factors prove that Victor brought his own tragedy upon himself. His passion and quest for knowledge as well as fame set him apart from other members of society. Victor also contained a large desire to surpass modern medicine and technology to give himself an immortal name that would be remembered throughout the ages for the advancements he made in science. His final decision that leads to his downfall is his choice to pursue the Creation after the death of Elizabeth on her wedding night to Victor. The Creation longs to fit onto society, but because of his deformities bestowed upon him because of the gruesome details of his animation, the Creation becomes an outcast. He orders Frankenstein to create a mate for himself, so she could understand what he is going through, and vice-versa. They would ostracize themselves from humanity, and live on their own as promised by the Creation. Victor refused, and the Creations unfulfilled desire released an anger that was violently disposed of upon Victors family. Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!(Shelley, 152)The Creation claimed that he didnt want to do it and that he didnt want to kill, but he relishes in the taking of Williams life because William is related to Victor. He knew that this would dest roy a part of Victor, and willing does so. The Creation is aware Victor will seek vengeance for this, and still commits murder. He brings it upon himself. He seeks revenge as Victor seeks knowledge. Ever since Victor Frankenstein was a young boy, he had a strong inclination to further his knowledge in how the world around him works. His fascination with the chance of having the power to create life preoccupies Victor, and works himself to illness. But his whole theory was Wealth was an inferior object, but what glory would attend the discovery if I could banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death! (Shelley, 26) Victor doesnt want anyone to die, and that is led back to when he lost his mother. It is the loss of Victors mother that creates the base for his desire to find a way to prolong life so no one need ever to die. Victors desire to surpass modern medicine and technology in the field of science is another tragic flaw that adds to his own responsibility for his tragic downfall. He idealizes the prospect of becoming something greater than history has known. He proves his wanton desire when he states: So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein- more, far more will I achieve(Shelley, 33) If Victor did not posses this burning passion, he wouldnt have obsessed himself with the torment of grave robbing and the mutilation of corpses in order to create a being that would result in an abomination. M. Krempe warns Victor that his studies are dangerous, and Victors predecessors have gained nothing through their experiments. Have you, he said, really spent your time is studying such nonsense? I replied in the affirmative. Every minute, continues M. Krempe with warmth, every instant that you have wasted on those books is entirely lost. (Shelley, 31)Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein raises the question of who is ultimately responsible for their own downfall, the Creation or Victor. Although the Creation sought to fulfill his own desire, it is Victors experiment that produces the Creation which turns out to be his nemesis andCreates all of Victors problems. Victors desire to surpass modern medicine and technology is one of the elements that leads to his decline, and his choice to pursue the Creation after its murder of Elizabeth on her wedding night is the final element that Victor undertakes, leading to his own self-destruction. The endeavor to create life, is Victor Frankensteins kamikaze mission.

R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report Essay Example

R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report Essay Preface: Due to space constraints I will be focusing on the actions taken by and taken against BILAL Skaf solely as opposed to his brother MOHAMMED Skaf. In addition, I will be concentrating on the events which the charges were given rise to on 12 August 2000 and as opposed to 2 separate cases rape cases which Bilal Skaf was also a belligerent for the month of August 2000. I will also be mentioning the recent appeal case in 2008 which reduced the sentences given for the crimes in 2006. R v Bilal SKAF Legal citation of the case: Regina v Bilal Skaf; Regina v Mohammed Skaf [2006] NSWSC 394, 28 July 2006 AND amendment to this decision with the appeal: R v Skaf Skaf [2008] NSWCCA 303, 17 December 2008 Outline the elements of the offence In terms of Actus Reus of committing the guilty and physical act of the crime, Bilal Skaf has been charged with aggravated sexual assault without consent and aggravated sexual intercourse without consent. For the first offence the outline of the occurrence of events are as follows: On August 12, 2000 a 16-year-old girl accepted an offer from Mohammed Skaf to be driven to the city and picked up from her home, Mohammed Skaf had known the complainant for some time, although he had never told her his correct name: she knew him as ‘Sam’. She was then taken to Greenacres Gosling Park where in which Bilal Skaf was the principal assailant in the attack. We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He dragged the girl out of the car with the help of several men as she cried and screamed; he then proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her whilst she was being held down. After Bilal Skaf had finished this act, he allowed and encouraged another man who wished to engage with the woman and the man proceeded to have sexual intercourse with the female. This constitutes the second offence charged against Bilal Skaf as being there as an aider and abettor. The first offence  attracted a lengthier sentence than the second offence, in which his liability was accessorial rather than as a principal offender. However the second offence was also a very serious one, remembering that Bilal Skaf was the leader of the group. Additionally there are a number of aggravating factors to be taken into account in relation to Bilal  Skaf  under s21A of the  Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act. The factors nclude that the offences involved both the actual and threatened use of violence; that they involved a series of criminal acts, and that they were part of a planned or organised criminal active, but perhaps most significantly is the emotional harm caused by the offence which was substantial, in the words of Matthews, AJ â€Å"given the terrifying and degrading behaviour of her assailants that night, the complainant’s life has since been adversely affected in almost every respect. Describe the factors that might have led to the criminal be haviour Bilal Skaf grew up in an underclass area led to a lack of motivation which resulted in a lack of education. Bilal Skaf grew up as the ‘man’ of the family due to his position as the first born son the family and his father being absent from home. This is important to note as Skaf was likely to avoid discipline when he ‘tests the limits’ which shapes his attitude to school where he flaunts the rules to an extent. He was then expelled from his high school at the mere age of 14 years old, with a lack of school certificate consequently leading him to have a lack of any real career prospects and resulting in Skaf starting to acquire a criminal record and disregard for the law at a very young age. With a lack of a job, Skaf turned to the streets and there he sees he needs to attain respect from his peers, and to gain this respect he will do anything, including breaking the law leading to a shoplifting offence within several months. Dr Leah Giarrtano who researched the case came to the conclusion and may be quoted as saying â€Å"that he possesses what is known as conduct disorder† where the rights of others are persistently violated a factor of great significance. Skaf’s situation was exacerbated when he became so unruly that his parents sent him to his home country of Lebanon for several months in hopes he would become more disciplined but this is likely not the case. It can be assumed that women did enjoy the same freedoms within Lebanon as they did in Australia which is a very likely contributing factor for the manner in which Skaf committed his offences with such ease and without remorse. It is likely Skaf came to resent becoming sent to Lebanon and as result he became much more uncontrollable and as result believed he was the one who would ‘lead’ his group of friends in becoming the principal offender of future offenses. Outline the reporting and investigation of the crime: The complainant identified Bilal Skaf  as her principal assailant on February of the following year of the offence (2001). On 15 February 2001 the complainant identified Bilal Skaf in a crowd at Burwood Local Court as Sam’s brother (Sam being the name/alias she knew Mohammed Skaf by). On the day of 13 March 2001 a record of interview was conducted with Bilal Skaf  in relation to the complainant’s allegations. He refused to answer any questions about the matter. However, he later asked to be re-interviewed, and on the day of 3 April 2001 a further record of interview took place. The task force assigned to the offence had by then obtained records of mobile telephone use on the evening of 12 August 2000, which showed a number of calls between the mobile telephones belonging to Bilal and Mohammed  Skaf  within the period leading up to the assaults upon the complainant. Bilal  Skaf  sought to explain at his version of these phone calls, saying that his cousin Ali was using his, Bilal’s phone to talk to Mohammed. He claimed the next day Ali told him that after leaving Bilal’s house, he had gone to Gosling Park in his van and had sex there with a girl in the company of friends. He relied on this alibi at trial. Detective Walsh gave evidence that Ali Skaf was 180 cm tall, different from that of Skaf, and did not have a scar above his left eyebrow (which the complainant had described her assailant as having a scar above his left eyebrow). Ali Skaf’s statement stated he denied ever having gone to Gosling Park or ever had sex with a woman at this park, along with denying he had ever visited Bilal Skaf’s house that night or told him he had had sex with a woman at the park. It is important to add that on 7 December 2000 the complainant was shown a photo board which contained a photo of Ali Skaf. She did not identify anyone from that photo board. His alibi was inconsistent with the evidence of Ali Skaf. Bilal Skaf told police he did not speak to his brother that night at all except to hand over the phone to Ali. Yet telephone records indicated five calls by Bilal Skaf to Mohammed Skaf that night. There was also evidence, contrary to what Bilal Skaf told police, that Ali Skaf did have a mobile phone and that each of them had their respective numbers stored in each other’s phones. Furthermore, the complainant’s description of the offender did not match Ali Skaf. The jury’s verdict shows that it rejected Bilal’s Skaf’s account and version of events. Explain the role of the courts Due to the severity of the offence, and the nature in which the offense was very much in one of the worst categories of sexual assault the offence was heard in the Supreme Court of NSW; with this court constituted under Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW). Obviously the court’s role was to achieve justice for the complainant but it is important, especially in a case of this severity, that the rights of the defendant are not overlooked merely due to the widespread publicity of the case. This became the matter in two occasions: 1. When the belligerent Skaf was granted leave to appeal the sentence passed in the decision of Regina v Bilal Skaf [2006] NSWSC 394 in which those sentences were quashed by the Court of Criminal Appeal (R v Skaf Skaf [2008] NSWCCA 303) reducing his sentence in its entirety (due to his current sentences partially being carried out concurrently with each other) by two years on parole. Outline the role of legal representation The Australian legal system requires a defendant a right to a fair trial which includes for an accused to be provided with adequate legal representation regardless of the accused charges, with which Skaf obtained despite backlash and severity of the charges are perceived by the public. As Bilal Skaf refused to give evidence at every single trial he attended, Mr Peter Zahra SC was counsel for Skaf and questioned on behalf of Skaf. In one example, Mr Zahra on behalf of Bilal Skaf, â€Å"challenged the complainant’s identification of him [Bilal Skaf] as her [complainant] principal assailant† which provided a good basis of defence for Skaf as he was lacking in a steady and supported case due to his alibi being completely inadequate and denied by the jury. Later, as the jury found the defendant Skaf was guilty on all counts, this indicates it found against this issue. Further, as it was looking likely that it would be impossible for Skaf to be acquitted of his charges under any line of argument pursued by the defence the last thing which could be resorted to as a fair trial had been conducted was to argue for the sentence. Skaf’s lawyer Mr Zahra asked Justice Mathews to at least consider the lengthy sentence already being served by Skaf and take into account the circumstances of which Skaf dwells in â€Å"very dangerous† conditions in prisons as a supposed loner – when deciding upon his sentence for the August 12, 2000 sexual assaults. Identify the plea: Not guilty. Discuss the factors that affect the sentencing decision A range of factors were taken into serious consideration for the jury when deciding upon their verdict for the events of the night of 12 August, 2000. Firstly, it must be stated that the jury had to be sure to disregard previous convictions for rapes on the 10th and 30th of same months of the rape offence being tried as this would be regarded as grossly unjust in forming a decision and those facts are up to the Judge to use for the penalty decision not sentencing decision. Secondly, an external factor which is established and even exacerbates the decision the jurors make is that of how well society the public as well as the media will treat the sentence; this being a major factor as it is courts responsibility to punish offenders accordingly to the seriousness of the crime and meeting society’s needs while also treating it justly. Judges must explicitly state that jurors are to abide by their oath and so is the circumstance in this case as the judge instructed jurors to confine their consideration to the evidence and facts of the court proceedings with the judge being careful to remind jurors that they are to ignore any publicity. However it can be argued that to what extent this was followed is unknown and some may be doubtful that immense media coverage did not at all influence jurors. The grounds upon which this argument is portrayed was all but removed by the court as was stated   Ã¢â‚¬Å"we accept that in many people’s minds some generalised recollection of the publicity would have continued at the time of the trial, we do not believe it was such to divert a juror from a proper consideration of the evidence. Thirdly, the lack of a willingness to cooperate would not have had a positive influence on the decision of jurors as Skaf refused to cooperate and simply denied his allegations – it can be fairly gathered and argued from this act alone that an innocent person would not forego these means to prove their innocence, this is something that Bilal Skaf simply did not attempt; clearly this fact would have affected the jurors actions and thus the sentencing decision. Explain the penalty given: The primary factors involved in the penalty are the principle of totality being properly imposed, reaching a penalty that satisfies society’s demands so as not to spark media backlash (while could in turn place mistrust in the justice system) as well as meeting the objects of deterrence in the sentence ithout placing a sentence which accumulates to a degree which is so high that it appears overbearingly defeat the purpose of deterrence. Justice Matthews observed â€Å"the present offences are extremely serious, but I could not categorise them as being within the worst category† which affected the penalty decision for the events of 12 August 2000 and did not lead to a full 20 year sentence for both offences. Additionally, when coming to a decision for these circumstance, totality is imperative as characterised in the federal sentencing decision of  Postiglione v The Queen  [1997] HCA 26; (1997)189 CLR 295 as Justice Hughes states: â€Å"the totality principle requires of a judge who is sentencing an offender for a number of offences to ensure that the aggregation of the sentences appropriate for each offence is a  just and appropriate measure of the total criminality involved†. The Court must adjust the prima facie length of the sentences downward in order to achieve an appropriate relativity between the totality of the criminality and the totality of the sentence. This principle is central to an explanation of why this particular sentence was given. As a consequence of this, Justice Matthews noted that given the length of the sentence; it would unfairly impose upon totality if the sentence for Bilal Skaf’s present offences were cumulative upon his already existing sentences. Thus the sentence for the 12 august 2000 was made partially concurrent with Skaf’s present sentence and partially cumulative upon his existing sentences. A stress exists between the principle of totality on the one hand, and, on the other, the need to ensure that a person who deliberately commits a series of separate criminal offences receives sufficient punishment for each of them, partially of course to provide deterrence and partially to satisfy the general public. Skaf’s case, given his existing length sentence he is already serving and the tremendous seriousness of the present offences. With the first factor leaning to a less accumulation of this sentence upon existing while the second factor favours a greater accumulation. Bilal Skaf received his sentence and the first date he will become eligible for release on parole will be 11 February 2033. Bibliography Supreme Court of New South Wales sentencing 28/07/2006. Last Updated: 3 August 2006 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2006/394. html Supreme Court of New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal Decisions 17 December 2008. Last Updated: 22 December 2008 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2008/303. html Supreme Court of New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal Decisions, 6/05/2004. Last Updated: 23 April 2008 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2004/37. html SAMANTHA WILLIAMS. (2005,  September  18). Leniency for rapists wheres the justice  :[2 State Main Country Edition]. The Sunday Mail,p. 53. Retrieved December 4, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. Document ID:  897803791). SAMANTHA WILLIAMS. (2005,  September  17). Scales of injustice making the victims pay  :[1 State Edition]. The Daily Telegraph,p. 23. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  897418531). Cindy Wockner. (2010,  July  3). We cant forget and well never forgive men who stole our innocence Skaf gang rapes 10 years on. The Daily Telegraph,13. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  2071800311). Shame on system not the victim  :[2 Extended Metro Edition]. 2005,  February  4). The Daily Telegraph,p. 32. Retrieved December 8, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  788531171). NSW: Timeline of crimes and trials of Bilal Skaf. (28   July). AAP General News Wire,1. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from Academic Research Library. (Document ID:  1084718171). Criminal Procedure Amendment (Evidence) Bill 2005 2nd reading speeches (2R): http://www. parliament. nsw. gov. au/prod/parlment/nswbills. nsf/d2117e6bba4ab3ebca256e68000a0ae2/2c1150a2ad6e347fca256fb1001c4f0f/$FILE/C1505. pdf